Solar Flare Survival: Protect Yourself and Your Electronics From the Sun and EMP's With Faraday Cages by Marc Remillard

Author:Marc Remillard [Remillard, Marc]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781466421394
Amazon: 1466421398
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Published: 2011-10-09T04:00:00+00:00

Ionospheric Variability

On the sunlit side of the Earth, when solar radiation strikes the electrically neutral parts of the ionosphere, electrons are dislodged from atoms to produce the ionospheric plasma.

From about 500-1000 km above the surface of the Earth is the region called the ionosphere, which gets it’s name from the highly ionized conditions that persist there. The ionosphere reacts dramatically to the intense x-ray and ultraviolet radiation released from the Sun during a powerful solar event. The continual blasts of particles and energy from the Sun strike the ionosphere so strongly that electrons are actually stripped away from their nuclei. The electrons and nuclei run around freely in a plasma state, which turns the upper atmosphere into an electrical conductor. This high conductivity factor makes the ionosphere an important, active part of the Earth’s atmosphere, even though it makes up less than one percent of the mass of the atmosphere above 100 km.

The conductive character of the ionosphere has been used for over a century due to its influence on radio waves, which bounce off of it and shoot back to the Earth’s surface.

The most important area in the ionosphere for communications and navigation systems is called the F2 layer, which is about 500 km from the surface, and is where electron concentrations reach their highest values.

Variability of signals that must pass through the electrically charged F2 layer is well known to GPS engineers, and is a more acute problem during geomagnetic storms.

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